Completing Sentence এর সহজ নিয়ম (পার্ট-৩)-Completing Sentence Rules & Example

20. As if/As though যুক্ত বাক্যঃ

As if বা As though “যেন” অর্থ প্রকাশ করে। As If/ as though এর প্রথম অংশ Present Indefinite হলে

পরের অংশ Past Indefinite হয়। আর প্রথম অংশ Past Indefinite হলে পরের অংশ Past Perfect হয়।

Structure:

Present Indefinite + As if/As though + Past Indefinite

Past Indefinite + As if/As though + Past Perfect Tense

Example:

Question: He tells the matter as though/as if _______.

Answer: He tells the matter as though/as if he knew it.

Question: Tom spoke as though/as if _______.

Answer: Tom spoke as though/as if he had known everything.

Note: কোন কিছু হওয়া বুঝাতে Unreal Past এর অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে as though/ as if এর পরে Be = were

বসে।

Example:

Question: He donates money as if he _______.

Answer: He donates money as if he were a rich man.

Question: He ran fast as though/as if _______.

Answer: He ran fast as though/as if he were a mad man.

20. Since যুক্ত বাক্যঃ

Since “হতে/সময়” অর্থ প্রকাশ করে। Since যুক্ত বাক্যের প্রথম অংশ Present Indefinite হলে

পরের অংশ Past Indefinite হয়। আর প্রথম অংশ Present Perfect হলে পরের অংশ Past Indefinite হয়।

Structure:

Present Indefinite + Since + Past Indefinite

Present Perfect + Since + Past Indefinite

Example:

Question: It is so long since _______.

Answer: It is so long since I visited my village.

Question: He has been back to the office a few times since _______.

Answer: He has been back to the office a few times since he retired.

Note: কিছু কিছু ক্ষেত্রে Since-এর পরে Past Simple বা Present Perfect বা Past Perfect Tense বসতে পারে।

Structure:

It + be + (time) + Past Simple/Present Perfect/Past Perfect Tense.

Present Perfect + Since + Present Perfect.

Past Perfect + Since + Past Perfect.

 Example:

Question: It is years since _______.

Answer: It is years since I rode a bike.

Or,

Answer: It is years since I have ridden a bike.

Question: It has been years since _______.

Answer: It has been years since I rode a bike.

Or,

Answer: It has been years since I have ridden a bike.

Question: It had been years since _______.

Answer: It had been years since I had ridden a bike.

Since, As, Because যুক্ত বাক্যঃ

Since, As, Because বাক্যের মাঝে থাকলে (কারণ/যেহেতু) অর্থ প্রকাশ করে এবং বাক্যের শুরুতে থাকেলে (যেহেতু ----- সেহেতু) অর্থ প্রকাশ করে।

Example:

Question: Since the old man killed the bird, ________.

Answer: Since the old man killed the bird, he brought bad luck to the crew.

Question: As he was ill, ________.

Answer: As he was ill, he could not go to college.

Question: Poor as he is, he ________. [NTRCA Exm (May)-20014]

Answer: Poor as he is, he cannot lead a luxurious life.

Question: Acid rain is harmful because __________.

Answer: Acid rain is harmful because it contains harmful chemicals.

21. Let Alone যুক্ত বাক্যঃ

কোন কিছু “চিন্তা করা যায় না বা ভাবা যায় না বা দূরের কথা” এরকম অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে Let alone ব্যবহৃত হয়। এটি সাধারণতঃ Negative অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Structure:

Negative Clause + let alone + (Meaningful Word/Phrase)

Example:

Question: He can not pass in the third division, let alone _______.

Answer: He can not pass in the third division, let alone in the first division.

Question: The baby cannot sit up, let alone __________.

Answer: The baby cannot sit up, let alone, let alone walk.

Not only ----- but also---- যুক্ত বাক্যঃ

Not only-এর অর্থ ‘শুধু তাই নয়’। But also---- এর অর্থ ‘আরো’।

Example:

Question: Rabindranath is not only a poet but also _______.

Answer: Rabindranath is not only a poet but also a philoshoper.

Question: I bought not only a book but also _______.

Answer: I bought not only a book but also a pen.

Either ------ or----- যুক্ত বাক্যঃ

Either ------ or এর অর্থ (হয় ------ অথবা---)।

Example:

Question: Either Wafi or _______.

Answer: Either Wafi or Lubna broke the plate.

Question: He is either a footballer or _______.

Answer: He is either a footballer or cricketer.

Neither ------ nor--- যুক্ত বাক্যঃ

Neither ------ nor এর অর্থ (এইটাও না ------ ওটাও না)।

Example:

Question: Juthi neither eats rice nor _______.

Answer: Juthi neither eats rice nor drinks water.

Question: The begger was given neither food nor _______.

Answer: The begger was given neither food nor shelter.

31. In case যুক্ত বাক্যঃ

In case এর অর্থ ‘যদি’। In case যুক্ত বাক্যটি Subordinate Clause। এই Clause টি Principal Clause-এর কাজের কারণ নির্দেশ করে। তাই In case যুক্ত Incomplete Sentence-কে Complete করার সময় In case এর পর Principal Clause এর কারণের সাথে সম্পর্কযুক্ত একটি Subordinate Clause গঠন করতে হয়। সাধারণতঃ In case যুক্ত Subordinate Clause টি Present Tense এর হয়।

Example:

Question: He will come tomorrow in case _______.

Answer: He will come tomorrow in case Wafi wants him.

Question: You should carry an umbrella in case _______.

Answer: You should carry an umbrella in case it rains.

Note: কোন কাজ সংঘটিত হয়েছে এরূপ বুঝাতে In case যুক্ত Sentence এর উভয় Clause-এ Past Tense

ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Example:

Question: I waited at the station in case ________.

Answer:  I waited at the station in case he came.

Question: He drew more money in case ______.

Answer: He drew more money in case he required more.

Note: In case Clause সাধারণতঃ Principal Clause এর পরে বসে। তবে In case of + Noun যদি If there is a/ an + Noun অর্থ প্রকাশ করে তবে তা Principal Clause এর পূর্বে বসে।

Example:

In case of shortage of money, phone me.

Or,

 If there is shortage of money, phone me.

এখানে, In case of shortage of money ও  If there is shortage of money একই অর্থ প্রকাশ করে।

In case of যুক্ত বাক্যঃ

In case of-এর অর্থ ‘যদি এমন হয়/ঘটে’।

Example:

Question: In case of fire, _____.

Answer: In case of fire, ring the alarm bell.

Enough to যুক্ত বাক্যঃ

Enough to-এর অর্থ ‘যথেষ্ট’।

Structure:

Subject + Verb + Adj/Adv + Enough + to + Verb (Present Form).

Subject + Verb + Adj/Adv + Enough + for + Noun/Pronoun + to + Verb (Present Form).

Subject + Verb + Enough + Noun + to + Verb (Present Form).

Example:

Question: He is strong enough to _______.

Answer: He is strong enough to pull the rope.

Question: The load is light enough for _______.

Answer: The load is light enough for me to carry.

Question: He has enough money _______.

Answer: He has enough money to buy a car.

Note: Adjective ও Adverb-এর পরে Enough বসে, কিন্তু Noun-এর আগে Enough বসে।

I wish যুক্ত বাক্যঃ

বর্তমান এবং ভবিষ্যতে কোন কিছু আশা করতে I wish ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Example:

Question: I wish _______.

Answer: I wish I spoke English.

Question: I wish _______.

Answer: I wish I was/were a king.

(Note: American ইংরেজিতে I wish এর পরে ‘Were’ বসে, কিন্তু British ইংরেজিতে I wish এর পরে ‘Was/Were’ যেকোনটা ব্যবহার করা যায়।

** অতীতের অপূরণীয় বাসনা নিয়ে অনুশোচনা প্রকাশ করতে  wish + Past Perfect Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Example:

Question: I wish _______.

Answer: I wish I hadn't spent so much money last month.

Question: I wish _______.

Answer: I wish I had the wings of a bird.

** কোন কিছুর প্রতি বিরক্তি বা অসন্তোষ্টি প্রকাশ করতে, অতীতের অপূরণীয় বাসনা নিয়ে অনুশোচনা প্রকাশ করতে  wish + would + Bare Infinitive ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Example:

Question: I wish _______.

Answer: I wish you would stop talking.

Question: I wish it _______.

Answer: I wish it would stop raining.

32. Would that যুক্ত বাক্যঃ

অসম্ভব ইচ্ছা, আকাঙ্খা ইত্যাদি প্রকাশ করতে Would that/I wish ইত্যাদি ব্যবহৃত হয়। এক্ষেত্রে Verb এর Subjunctive Past Tense ব্যবহৃত  হয়।

Structure:

Would that + Could/Past Indefinite Tense.

Would that + Could/Past Indefinite Tense. (Be Verb-এর ক্ষেতে Were বসে।

Example:

Question: Would that he _______.

Answer: Would that he had lived to see it.

Question: Would that he _______.

Answer: Would that he were alive today.